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Course 3D_MDX: 3D-Graphics with Managed DirectX 9.0
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 Project mesh_primitive1 Form1, OnResize, OnTimer Exercises |
Main Menu after starting VS 2008: File → New Project... → Visual Studio installed templates: Windows Forms Application
Name: mesh_primitive1 → Location: C:\temp → Create directory for solution: switch it off → OK
Delete the files Program.cs and Form1.Designer.cs and the content of Form1.cs, as described in the chapters 2DCisC1 to 2DCisC4.
If You can't find a Solution Explorer-window, open it via the main menu: View → Solution Explorer.
Inside the Solution Explorer-window click the plus-sign in front of mesh_primitive1. A tree opens. Look for the branch "References". Right-click References and left-click Add Reference.... An Add Reference dialog box opens. Scroll down to the component name: Microsoft.DirectX Version 1.0.2902.0.
Highlight this reference by a left-click and (holding the Strg-key pressed) two more references:
Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D Version 1.0.2902.0 and
Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3DX Version 1.0.2902.0 or 1.0.2903.0 or 1.0.2904.0.
Quit the Add Reference dialog box with OK.
Check if three references:
Microsoft.DirectX and
Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D and
Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3DX are now visible inside the Solution Explorer window underneath
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Write the following code to Form1.cs:
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Drawing;
using Microsoft.DirectX;
using Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;
public class Form1 : Form
{ [STAThread] static void Main() { Application.Run( new Form1() ); }
static Device device = null;
static float xAngle, yAngle, zAngle ;
static Mesh meshPolygon, meshBox, meshSphere, meshTorus, meshCylinder, meshTeapot, meshText;
static Matrix mPol = Matrix.Translation( new Vector3( 0f, 0f, -1.5f ) ); //polygon
static Matrix mBox = Matrix.Translation( new Vector3( 1.5f, 0f, 0f ) ); //box
static Matrix mSph = Matrix.Translation( new Vector3( -1.5f, 0f, 0f ) ); //sphere
static Matrix mTor = Matrix.Translation( new Vector3( 0f, 1.5f, 0f ) ); //torus
static Matrix mCyl = Matrix.Translation( new Vector3( 0f, -1.5f, 0f ) ); //cylinder
static Matrix mTea = Matrix.Translation( new Vector3( 0f, 0f, 1.5f ) ); //teapot
static Matrix mTex; //text
Timer myTimer = new Timer();
public Form1()
{ Text = "Primitive Meshes";
myTimer.Tick += new EventHandler( OnTimer );
myTimer.Interval = 1;
ClientSize = new Size( 400, 300 ); //Calls OnResize( ... )
}
protected override void OnResize( System.EventArgs e )
//Whenever the window changes we have to initialize Direct3D from scratch
{ myTimer.Stop();// stop the timer during initialization
try
{ //get information from the operating system about its current graphics properties
PresentParameters presentParams = new PresentParameters();
//we have to set two flags
presentParams.Windowed = true; //no full screen display
presentParams.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard; //no swap buffer
presentParams.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true; //with depth buffer
presentParams.AutoDepthStencilFormat = DepthFormat.D16; //16 bit depth
//create a new D3D-device that serves as canvas
if ( device != null ) device.Dispose();// free the old canvas if any
device = new Device( 0, DeviceType.Hardware, this,
CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing, presentParams );
if ( meshPolygon != null ) meshPolygon .Dispose(); //free the old mesh if any
if ( meshBox != null ) meshBox .Dispose(); //free the old mesh if any
if ( meshSphere != null ) meshSphere .Dispose(); //free the old mesh if any
if ( meshTorus != null ) meshTorus .Dispose(); //free the old mesh if any
if ( meshCylinder != null ) meshCylinder.Dispose(); //free the old mesh if any
if ( meshTeapot != null ) meshTeapot .Dispose(); //free the old mesh if any
if ( meshText != null ) meshText .Dispose(); //free the old mesh if any
meshPolygon = Mesh.Polygon ( device, 0.3f, 8 ); //line length + no of vertices
meshBox = Mesh.Box ( device, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f ); //xSize, ySize, zSize
meshSphere = Mesh.Sphere ( device, 0.5f, 20, 20 ); //radius, no slices, no stacks
meshTorus = Mesh.Torus ( device, 0.2f, 0.4f, 20, 20 );//in+out radii, slices+stacks
meshCylinder = Mesh.Cylinder( device, 0.5f, 0.2f, 0.8f, 20, 20 ); //front+back radii, length, slices+stacks
meshTeapot = Mesh.Teapot ( device );
String text = "Size: " + ClientSize.Width .ToString() + "/" +
ClientSize.Height.ToString();
GlyphMetricsFloat[] gly = new GlyphMetricsFloat[text.Length];
meshText = Mesh.TextFromFont( device,
new System.Drawing.Font( FontFamily.GenericSerif, 12 ),
text, 0.01f, 0.25f, out gly ); //string, smooth, thick, per char info
float x=0f, y=0f;
for ( int i=0; i < text.Length; i++ ) //for all chars
{ x += gly[i].CellIncX; //x=text.Width = sum of char.Width
if ( gly[i].BlackBoxY > y ) y = gly[i].BlackBoxY; //y=text.Height= max of char.Height
}
mTex = Matrix.Translation( new Vector3( -x/2f, -y/2f, 2f ) );
//set up material with diffuse and ambient white color
Material myMaterial = new Material();
myMaterial.Diffuse = myMaterial.Ambient = Color.White;
device.Material = myMaterial;
//turn on some blue directional light coaxial to the camera
device.Lights[0].Type = LightType.Directional;
device.Lights[0].Diffuse = Color.DarkBlue;
device.Lights[0].Direction = new Vector3( 0, 0, 5 );
device.Lights[0].Enabled = true;
//set up the transformation of world coordinates into camera or view space
device.Transform.View = Matrix.LookAtLH(
new Vector3( 0f, 0f, -5f ), //eye point 5.0 in front of the canvas
new Vector3( 0f, 0f, 0f ), //camera looks at point 0,0,0
new Vector3( 0f, 1f, 0f ) ); //world's up direction is the y-axis
//set up the projection transformation using 4 parameters:
//1.: field of view = 45 degrees; 2.: aspect ratio = width / height = 1 = square window;
//3.: near clipping distance = 0; 4.: far clipping distance = 10;
device.Transform.Projection = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH( (float)Math.PI/4, 1f, 1f, 100f );
device.RenderState.CullMode = Cull.None;
device.RenderState.Lighting = true;
xAngle = yAngle = zAngle = 0; //start angles
myTimer.Start(); //start the timer again
}
catch (DirectXException) { MessageBox.Show("Could not initialize Direct3D." ); return; }
}
protected static void OnTimer( Object myObject, EventArgs myEventArgs )
{ if (device == null) return;
//throw the old image away
device.Clear( ClearFlags.Target | ClearFlags.ZBuffer, Color.Gray, 1f, 0 );
//rotate with 3 angular velocities
Matrix m = Matrix.RotationYawPitchRoll( yAngle += 0.02f, xAngle += 0.02f, zAngle += 0.02f );
//draw on the canvas
device.BeginScene();
device.Transform.World = m * mPol; meshPolygon .DrawSubset( 0 ); //rotate + translate
device.Transform.World = m * mBox; meshBox .DrawSubset( 0 ); //rotate + translate
device.Transform.World = m * mSph; meshSphere .DrawSubset( 0 ); //rotate + translate
device.Transform.World = m * mTor; meshTorus .DrawSubset( 0 ); //rotate + translate
device.Transform.World = m * mCyl; meshCylinder.DrawSubset( 0 ); //rotate + translate
device.Transform.World = m * mTea; meshTeapot .DrawSubset( 0 ); //rotate + translate
device.Transform.World = mTex * m; meshText .DrawSubset( 0 ); //translate + rotate
device.EndScene();
device.Present(); //show the canvas
}
}
Click Debug → Start Without Debugging Ctrl F5. Drag all window borders.
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1. Move the primitives to other positions.
2. Put all 7 primitives one behind the other on the z-axis.
3. In OnTimer give each rotation axis its own angular increment (try out 0.0).
4. Get clear in Your mind how the matrix-multiplications m * mPol etc. connect rotation and translation.
5. At the end of the program change the sequence of translation and rotation by changing
6. Read the Code Comments and try to understand the sense of the command lines.
7. You can find more explanations and comments about this chapter here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/default.aspx.
Caution: Mozilla Firefox doesn't correctly display the tree on the left side. Use the Internet Explorer here !
Within the Internet Explorer click trough the tree on the left side:
Win32 and COM Development →
8. You can find further information about 3D-text here: http://pluralsight.com/wiki/default.aspx/Craig.DirectX/FontBasicsTutorial.html
9. Change the 4th parameter of
10. Change the second last parameter of
11. Try out other text strings.
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